notes in class

 
 
1.      topple (v.)
-to become unsteady and fall down; to make something do this
-example: A stack of plates swayed, and began to topple over.
 
 
2.      vulgar  (adj.) 
-not having or showing good taste; not polite, elegant or well behaved
-example: His vulgar behevior provoked the lady.
 
 
3.      persecute (v.) 
-to treat somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs 
-example: The Puritans left England to escape being persecuted
 
 
4.      arbitrator  (n.)
-Someone who is officially chosen to hear both sides of an argument and to make a decision about what should be done.
-example: They were heading for an arbitrator .
 
 
5.      restrain  (v.)
-to physically control the movements of a person or animal
-to prevent someone or yourself from doing something.
-example: But heralds restrained them.
 
 
6.      encapsulate (v.)
-to completely cover something with something else, especially in order to prevent a substance getting out
-example: The leaking fuel rods will be encapsulated in lead.
 
 
7.      ramification (n.)
-an additional result of something you do, which may not have been clear when you first decided to do it
-example: An agreement which was to have significant ramifications for British politics.
 
 
8.       outrageous (adj.)
-(1) Very shocking or unreasonable
-(2) extremely unusual and likely to shock people or male them.
-example: My boss was outrageous and fired me.
 
 
9.        confiscate (v.)
-To officially remove someone’s possessions for large reasons or as a punishment.
-example: The government has confiscated the illegally imported goods.
 
 
10.       meticulous (adj.)
-very careful about small details, and always making sure that everything is done correctly
-example: The book describes his journey in meticulous detail.
 
 
11.       tenaciously (adv.)
-determined to do something and unwilling to stop trying even when the situation becomes difficult.
-example: Some people tend to tenaciously cling to the misguided concept of racial superiority .
 
 
12.       bloated (adj.)
-a bloated organization or system is not effective because it is too large or has too many workers.
-having an uncomfortable feeling in your stomach after eating or drinking too much.
-example: He has a bloated , uncomfortable feeling after meal.
 
 
13.       magnanimous (adj.)
-Willing to forgive people, or willing to be kind and fair.
-example: It was very magnanimous of you to overlook his rude behavior .
 
 
14.      wince (v.)
-To react to something with a sudden expression on your face that shows you are embarrasses or feel pain.
-example: He winced mentally at the terrible news.
 
 
15.      muster (v.)
-(1) to get enough courage, confidence, support etc
-(2) to do something, especially with difficulty
-example: He mustered all his courage to take part in the game.
 
 
16.       prophesy (v.)
-to say what will happen in the future, especially using religious or magical knowledge
-example: There was a great war between the countries, just as the elders had prophesied.
 
 
17.       formidable (adj.)
-(1) very powerful or impressive, and often frightening
-(2) difficult to deal with and needing a lot of effort or skill
-example: The new range of computers have formidable processing power.
 
 
18.      cunning (adj.)
-someone who is cunning uses their intelligence to get what they want, especially by tricking or cheating people.
-example: The fox is known for its cleverness and cunning.
 
 
19.       stabbing (adj.)
-A stabbing pain is a sudden, very strong pain.
-example: The police are worried about the increase in the number of stabbings in the city.
 
 
20.       ghastly (adj.)
-(1) shocking in a way that frightens or upsets you
-(2) very bad or unpleasant.
-example: The sick woman's face was ghastly.
 
 
21.       seduce (v.)
-to persuade someone to have sex with you.
-example: He seduce a girl by fair speech.
 
 
22.       wrestle (v.)
-to fight by holding and pushing someone
-example: Many the generations wrestle, knees grinding the dust.
    
 
23.       coerce (v.)
-To make someone do something by using force or threats.
-example: Athens taxed and coerced the subject cities.
 
 
24.       secular (adj.)
-not connected with or controlled by a church or other religious authority
-example: A secular law, rule, or code of law.
 
 
25.       splendor (n.)     
-the impressive beauty of something, often something that looks very expensive.
-example: Three long syllables heavy with grief for the lost splendor of a city.