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1.   implicit  (adj.)

-suggested without being directly expressed

-example: His statement is being seen as implicit criticism of the work of research laboratories.

  

 

2.   irreconcilable  (adj.)

-if differences or disagreements are irreconcilable, they are so great that it is not possible to settle them

-example: We can never agree our views are irreconcilable.

 

 

 

3.    endorse (v.)

-to express support for someone or something, especially in public.

-example: Although not all readers today would endorse what sound like imperialist values.

 

 

 

4.   wrath (n.)

-Extreme anger.

-example: Homer presents us in The Iliad with tragic pattern of the individual will, Achilles’ wrath.

 

 

 

5.   secular (adj.)

-not connected with or controlled by a church or other religious authority

-example: A secular law, rule, or code of law.

 

 

 

6.   splendor (n.)    

-the impressive beauty of something, often something that looks very expensive.

-example: Three long syllables heavy with grief for the lost splendor of a city.

 

 

 

7.    treatise (n.)

-A serious book or piece of writing about a particular subject.

-example: Aristotle, who in the fourth century B.E.C. wrote a famous treatise on tragedy.

 

 

 

8.   communal (adj.)

 -Owned or used by everyone in a group, especially a group of people who live in the same building.

 -example: Such ceremonies are of course to be found in the communal life.

 

 

 

 9.   hymn (n.)

-A religious song that people usually sing in churches.

-example: A hymn of irregular meter sung after the gradual.

 

 

 

 

10.   choral (adj.)

 -Connected with or sung by a choir.

 -example: It was from this choral performance that tragedy and comedy developed.

 

 

 

 

11.   prototype (n.)     

 -the first form of something new, made before it is produced in large quantities.

 -example: No matter how many prototype we make, we just can not get it right.

 

 

 

12.   swagger (v.)

 -to walk proudly, swinging your shoulders in a way that shows you are very confident - used to show disapproval

-example: He swaggered over towards me.

 

 

 

 13.   torment (n.)

 -severe mental or physical suffering

 -example: She lay awake all night in torment.

 

 

 

 14.   ambush (v.)

-a sudden attack on someone by people who have been hiding and waiting for them, or the place where this happens:

-example: The soldiers were killed in an ambush.

 

 

 

 15.   supremacy (n.) 

 -A situation in which one person, group, or thing has more power or influence than any other.

 -example: That country achieved military supremacy over neighbouring countries.

 

 

 

 16.   satyr (n.)

 -A creature in ancient Greek stories with a man’s upper body and head and the ears, horns, and legs of a goat.

 -example: A tragic poet presented three tragedies and a satyr play. 

 

 

 

 17.   burlesque (n.)  

 -a performance or piece of writing that makes something funny by repeating or performing it in a silly way.

 -example: A burlesque on a mythic theme.

 

 

 

 18.   internecine (adj.)

 -internecine fighting or struggles happen between members of the same group or nation

 -example: An internecine feud among proxy holders.

 

 

 

 19.   trilogy (n.)

 -A series of three books, movies, or plays.

 -example: By the time this trilogy was produced.

 

 

 

20.   ode (n.)

 -A poem written for or about a particular person, thing, or event.

 -example: An ode with several stanzas.

 

 

 

 

21.   retributive (adj.)

 -Of, relating to, or marked by retribution.

 -example: Compared to the retributive justice, restorative justice is a criminal treatment

 

 

 

22.   capriciously (adv.)

 -likely to change your mind suddenly or behave in an unexpected way

 -example: Capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse.

 

 

 

23.   hesitate (v.)

 -to pause before you do or say something, often because you are uncertain or nervous about it:

 -example: She hesitated slightly before answering the inspector's question.

 

 

 

 24.   heterogeneous (adj.)

-consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other

 -example: Switzerland  is a heterogeneous confederation of 26 self-governing cantons.

 

 

 

25.   heterodox  (adj.)

 -(of beliefs, ideas or activities) different and in opposition to generally accepted beliefs or standards:

 -example: His opinions have always been distinctly heterodox.

 

 

 

 

 

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    notes in class

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